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Jantar Mantar 2.0 — CJP / anti-SIR protest, Delhi

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Disclaimer: This data is auto-generated by a Grok bot. The bot compiled this dashboard while publishing the site, from news reports, official statements, and labelled social-media posts. It is not an official record and has not been checked by a human editor. Names, counts, times, and detention status can be incomplete or wrong. Check the linked sources before relying on it.

Very important

Key leader detentions, pinned newest first. Each one is also in the feed below.

Very importantIST

Prashant Bhushan (senior advocate) and Dipankar Bhattacharya (CPI(ML) Liberation general secretary) detained near INA Market with Neha Bora (AISA president) and Yogendra Yadav. Exact detention time not given. The Sentinel calls Bora an AAP leader; Deccan Herald and earlier reports say AISA president.

Very importantIST

Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj and Durgesh Pathak detained by Delhi Police along with Arvind Kejriwal. Exact time of detention not given; Tribune logged it at 4:18 PM IST. Place in Delhi not specified.

Very importantIST

Arvind Kejriwal detained by Delhi Police while trying to march to Jantar Mantar. TOI says outside his residence; Business Today says outside Lodhi Estate. Gopal Rai also detained. AAP's Atishi alleges Kejriwal was 'brutally taken into custody'.

Very importantIST

CPI(M) says former Tripura CM Manik Sarkar and CITU's Elamaram Kareem are held at Bawana stadium. At Saket court, LiveLaw says staff told reporters the magistrate was dictating an order in a different case; Ratna Singh's FIR plea was still pending as of 4:37 PM.

Very importantIST

Ratna Singh moves Saket court. Neha Bora and Yogendra Yadav detained on the Dilli Haat march. Mamata Banerjee and 5 TMC leaders detained outside her residence.

Very importantIST

Manish Sisodia and Punjab AAP leaders Baltej Punia and Sonia Mann detained by Chandigarh Police near the Punjab Chief Electoral Officer's office. Punjab FM Harpal Singh Cheema also took part.

Very importantIST

Pinarayi Vijayan, John Brittas and K.N. Balagopal detained. Tushar Gandhi detained in Mumbai. CPI(M) says 500+ cadres held at HKS Bhawan. About 200 detained at Connaught Place.

Very importantIST

Dipke, Das and Ranka detained on board their Air India flight at IGI. CJP releases a pre-recorded video handing the lead to Ajinkya Shinde.

Very importantIST

Dhruv Rathee detained at his Gurugram home.

Live updates

Newest first. Times are IST.

IST

BJP MP Ravi Shankar Prasad: 'CJP is doing shadow boxing for the Aam Aadmi Party'; calls the opposition 'defeated, desperate individuals ... weaponizing street protests'; defends SIR as a legal provision conducted 'more than nine times'.

ImportantIST

Scroll: a protester detained in Pune says 'We were dragged on the city streets. Multiple women have sustained bruises.' Unverified individual claim on social media; no detention count given.

ImportantIST

Delhi Police officials (via ANI): Dipke was detained because the protest call was not permitted; he was told of his grandmother's death 'with due sensitivity', told the funeral time, and offered possible facilitation for his journey to his hometown on humanitarian grounds.

ImportantIST

Mamata Banerjee will stay in Delhi for an INDIA bloc march to the Supreme Court on Monday 12 Oct instead of returning to Kolkata; Abhishek Banerjee will also come back for it (Deccan Herald reporter Shemin Joy). Reporter post on X, not yet in a published article.

Very importantIST

Prashant Bhushan (senior advocate) and Dipankar Bhattacharya (CPI(ML) Liberation general secretary) detained near INA Market with Neha Bora (AISA president) and Yogendra Yadav. Exact detention time not given. The Sentinel calls Bora an AAP leader; Deccan Herald and earlier reports say AISA president.

IST

NDTV visuals: security forces including Delhi Police and RAF detain protesters at Connaught Place Outer Circle who tried to march past barricades.

ImportantIST

NDTV: Chennai Police detained 100+ protesters near Elliott's Beach demanding the CEC's resignation; activist Radhika Ganesh among those detained.

ImportantIST

Mamata Banerjee begins a dharna at Dwarka Sector 17 police station, where she is detained (Derek O'Brien, via Deccan Herald reporter Shemin Joy). Reporter post on X, not yet in a published article.

IST

Kejriwal after detention (PTI video): 'Turn the entire country into Jantar Mantar.'

Very importantIST

Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj and Durgesh Pathak detained by Delhi Police along with Arvind Kejriwal. Exact time of detention not given; Tribune logged it at 4:18 PM IST. Place in Delhi not specified.

ImportantIST

The Hindu reports CJP activists protesting at Chennai's Elliot's Beach; police detained several after a verbal spat.

ImportantIST

After his detention, Kejriwal posts a video on X: 'We have been detained by the police... The youth of the country has awakened. We are not going to be intimidated by Modi's tyranny.'

ImportantIST

Police sources (PTI) say Delhi Police told Abhijeet Dipke of his grandmother's death and left it to him whether to stay in detention and continue the protest or go home for her last rites. Grandmother Savitribai Shankarrao Dipke, 85, died around 11:30 AM in Santuk Pimpri, Hingoli district, Maharashtra; last rites at 10 AM Sunday 11 Oct (family sources).

IST

Dipke's father Bhagwan Dipke questions the heavy deployment: 'It is an agitation of students. Have dacoits from Chambal gathered in Delhi?' and says every Indian has a legal right to protest. His mother Anita Dipke asks why he had to be detained from a flight.

ImportantIST

PTI, citing police sources, says Delhi Police detained around 1,000 protesters across the city during the anti-CEC stir.

IST

About 200 students from Punjab reached the Jantar Mantar area after spending the night at Gurdwara Bangla Sahib; several were detained.

ImportantIST

More than 50 protesters detained near Dilli Haat at Neha Bora's call; some say they weren't part of the protest.

Very importantIST

Arvind Kejriwal detained by Delhi Police while trying to march to Jantar Mantar. TOI says outside his residence; Business Today says outside Lodhi Estate. Gopal Rai also detained. AAP's Atishi alleges Kejriwal was 'brutally taken into custody'.

ImportantIST

CJP's Ajinkya Shinde, in a video, tells people to march on: 'Wherever the Delhi Police try to stop you, make it your Jantar Mantar.' Says the movement continues till the CEC resigns.

Very importantIST

CPI(M) says former Tripura CM Manik Sarkar and CITU's Elamaram Kareem are held at Bawana stadium. At Saket court, LiveLaw says staff told reporters the magistrate was dictating an order in a different case; Ratna Singh's FIR plea was still pending as of 4:37 PM.

Very importantIST

Ratna Singh moves Saket court. Neha Bora and Yogendra Yadav detained on the Dilli Haat march. Mamata Banerjee and 5 TMC leaders detained outside her residence.

Very importantIST

Manish Sisodia and Punjab AAP leaders Baltej Punia and Sonia Mann detained by Chandigarh Police near the Punjab Chief Electoral Officer's office. Punjab FM Harpal Singh Cheema also took part.

BreakingIST

CJI Surya Kant and SG Tushar Mehta speak to authorities, and the detained lawyers are released. Hundreds detained outside Bangla Sahib gurdwara.

Very importantIST

Pinarayi Vijayan, John Brittas and K.N. Balagopal detained. Tushar Gandhi detained in Mumbai. CPI(M) says 500+ cadres held at HKS Bhawan. About 200 detained at Connaught Place.

BreakingIST

Officials say 25–30 protesters jumped barricades on Imtiaz Ali Marg and threw stones; 2 police personnel injured (PTI, citing officials).

ImportantIST

Lawyers marching from the Supreme Court are detained. A contempt plea is filed in the SC over the metro closures.

Very importantIST

Dipke, Das and Ranka detained on board their Air India flight at IGI. CJP releases a pre-recorded video handing the lead to Ajinkya Shinde.

ImportantIST

Delhi Police statement: about 500 detained, plus about 50 'with criminal backgrounds'. The district is split into 20 zones, each with its own detention centre.

ImportantIST

Detentions begin at Jantar Mantar. People are put on buses, and stadiums are used as detention centres.

Very importantIST

Dhruv Rathee detained at his Gurugram home.

ImportantIST

DMRC shuts entry/exit at 45 metro stations until 6 PM on 10 Oct.

ImportantIST

Supreme Court says there can be no 'complete prohibition' on metro and trains. Delhi HC refuses an urgent hearing for Youth Congress. Delhi Police confirms the protest is denied. Home Secretary tells state police chiefs to stop 'unauthorised entry' into Delhi. INDIA bloc meets the President.

ImportantIST

Dhruv Rathee joins CJP protest in Bengaluru. CJP spokesperson Deepak Baliyan detained in Alwar and released that night.

ImportantIST

Rahul and Priyanka Gandhi detained a second time near Jantar Mantar. Derek O'Brien and about 90 others also detained.

ImportantIST

Rahul Gandhi climbs barricades and leads an 8-hour sit-in at Akashvani Bhawan. About 250 detained, including MPs; all released around 10 PM.

IST

INDIA bloc, student unions and other groups begin protests in Delhi against the CEC over SIR.

Background

The Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), a youth movement, along with Left groups, student unions and civil-society groups, called a protest at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, on Sat 10 Oct 2026. They want Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar to resign and the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of voter rolls scrapped. Critics say SIR has removed more than 130 million names (NPR/AP). Delhi Police refused permission and locked down central Delhi: BNSS Sec 163 orders, about 45 metro stations shut, trains cancelled, internet cut within 4 km, and roughly 23,000 CAPF personnel deployed. Police detained CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke and leaders Saurav Das and Ashutosh Ranka on board their flight. YouTuber Dhruv Rathee was detained at his Gurugram home. Opposition leaders, lawyers and journalists were also detained. INDIA bloc street protests have been running since about 2 Oct, and Rahul Gandhi was detained on 6 and 7 Oct.

At a glance

1,500+

Detained in Delhi today (media)

Times of India, about midday 10 Oct. India Today said 400+ by midday. Delhi Police said about 500 plus about 50 'with criminal antecedents' by about 9:45 AM, then police sources said about 200 more at Connaught Place. PTI, citing police sources, said around 1,000 across the city at about 3:57 PM. Outside Delhi: Chennai, 100+ detained near Elliott's Beach (NDTV, ~4:22 PM). Pune detentions also reported (Scroll); no number. timesofindia.indiatimes.comx.comndtv.comx.com

10,000+

Detained nationwide (CJP claim)

Figure from CJP spokesperson Ashutosh Ranka on 8–9 Oct, before the protest. Not verified independently. scroll.in

400+

SFI members detained (SFI claim)

SFI national president Adarsh M Saji told PTI more than 400 members were detained after their march began around 10 AM. Not verified independently. cnbctv18.com

No official count

Released today

A group of lawyers detained near the Supreme Court were released after the CJI stepped in (about 2:30 PM). No other releases on 10 Oct were confirmed as of 4:37 PM. barandbench.com

At least 12

Named key figures still held

Dipke, Das, Ranka, Dhruv Rathee, Ratna Singh, Arvind Kejriwal, Manish Sisodia, Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj, Durgesh Pathak, Prashant Bhushan and Dipankar Bhattacharya. No release reported for any of them as of about 4:37 PM IST. tribuneindia.com

Key people detained

Status chip, then the recorded time and place.

Dhruv Rathee

Very importantDetained

YouTuber; flew in from Germany, joined CJP's Bengaluru protest on 8 Oct

Time 10 Oct, about 7:48 AM IST (police entered the flat, per The Hindu); CJP said about 8 AM

Place His parents' flat, Sector 56, Gurugram. The Hindu names the society as Central Park Vihar; HT names it Kendriya Vihar. Joint Delhi and Gurugram Police operation

Held. Taken to an undisclosed place in Gurugram. No release reported

Police (via HT) say he refused requests not to travel to Delhi for a protest that had no permission

Abhijeet Dipke

Very importantDetained

CJP founder

Time 10 Oct, about 10:30 AM IST (ThePrint live blog)

Place On board an Air India flight from Mumbai, just after landing at IGI Airport, Delhi. Later moved to Gurugram (TOI)

Held. CJP alleges he has no access to lawyers. His grandmother died in Hingoli the same day Police sources (PTI, ~4:06 PM) say he was told of his grandmother's death and left to decide whether to stay or go home for her last rites. Delhi Police (via ANI, ~4:26 PM) say he was offered help to travel home on humanitarian grounds for his grandmother's funeral. No release reported as of 4:37 PM.

Protest was banned / had no permission. No written grounds reported

Saurav Das

Very importantDetained

CJP leader / co-convener

Time 10 Oct, about 10:30 AM IST

Place Same flight, IGI Airport. Later moved to another location in Delhi (TOI)

Held

Same as Dipke

Ashutosh Ranka

Very importantDetained

CJP co-convener / spokesperson

Time 10 Oct, about 10:30 AM IST

Place Same flight, IGI Airport. Later moved to Dwarka (TOI)

Held

Same as Dipke

Ratna Singh

Very importantDetained

Lawyer, head of CJP's legal cell

Time 10 Oct, morning (reported by about 9:15–10:26 AM IST)

Place Outside her home in Jangpura, Delhi. Kept inside a car

Held (last report, about 8 hours by 3:20 PM per her lawyer). Her FIR plea is before Saket CMM Abhinav Pandey and was still pending as of 4:37 PM. LiveLaw says court staff said the judge was dictating an order in a different case.

She says police had only 'oral orders from above' and showed no notification

Mehr Pasricha

Unknown

CJP policy head

Time 10 Oct, morning (CJP post at 11:23 AM IST)

Place Delhi

Unknown

None reported

Pinarayi Vijayan, John Brittas MP, K.N. Balagopal

Very importantUnknown

CPI(M): former Kerala CM, Rajya Sabha MP, former Kerala finance minister

Time 10 Oct, about 12:15 PM IST

Place Delhi. Driven around the city, taken to Chhatrasal Stadium, then moved again (Brittas)

Unknown / held at last report

None given, per CPI(M)

M.A. Baby, Brinda Karat, P. Rajeev, K.K. Shailaja, M.V. Govindan, P.K. Sreemathy, Sujan Chakraborty

Very importantDetained

CPI(M) leaders. The Wire: Baby, Karat, P. Rajeev, K.K. Shailaja, M.V. Govindan and P.K. Sreemathy were put on a bus as they set out from Kerala House. Politburo member Sujan Chakraborty says he and about 50 others are held at Burari police station.

Time 10 Oct, morning (set out from Kerala House)

Place Put on a bus as they left Kerala House (The Wire). Sujan Chakraborty says he and about 50 others are held at Burari police station.

Held at last report (The Wire / Sujan Chakraborty)

None reported

Manik Sarkar, Jitendra Chaudhury, Elamaram Kareem + others

Very importantDetained

CPI(M): former Tripura CM; Tripura CPI(M) leader; CITU general secretary. Also student and trade union activists

Time 10 Oct, afternoon (CPI(M) Keralam post at 3:07 PM IST)

Place Detained during a CPI(M) march in Delhi and taken by bus; CPI(M) says they are held at Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Bawana (about 38 km from Jantar Mantar)

Held at last report (per CPI(M))

None reported

Tushar Gandhi

Unknown

Activist, Mahatma Gandhi's great-grandson ('Hum Bharat Ke Log')

Time 10 Oct, before about 12:15 PM IST

Place Picked up in Bandra, Mumbai and taken to DN Nagar police station

Unknown

Ahead of a solidarity protest at August Kranti Maidan (PTI)

Neha Bora, Yogendra Yadav, Prashant Bhushan, Dipankar Bhattacharya

Very importantDetained

Neha Bora, AISA president; Yogendra Yadav, national convenor of Bharat Jodo Abhiyaan; Prashant Bhushan, senior advocate; Dipankar Bhattacharya, CPI(ML) Liberation general secretary. Keep Bora as AISA president (The Sentinel calls her an AAP leader; Deccan Herald does not).

Time 10 Oct, about 2:20 PM IST for Bora and Yadav. Bhushan and Bhattacharya reported ~4:23 PM IST (The Sentinel) and 4:31 PM IST (Deccan Herald); exact detention time not given.

Place Bora and Yadav: march from Dilli Haat towards Jantar Mantar. Bhushan and Bhattacharya: near INA Market, on the way to the CJP protest (The Sentinel). Dilli Haat is at INA.

Held at last report

None reported

Mamata Banerjee + 5 TMC leaders (incl. Derek O'Brien, Dola Sen, Saket Gokhale)

Very importantDetained

TMC chief and party MPs/leaders

Time 10 Oct, about 2:25 PM IST (Tribune); ThePrint logged it at 3 PM

Place Sitting on a dharna at the South Avenue bus stand, near her Delhi residence. Put in a 'prisoner van' and driven to an undisclosed place (Gokhale)

Held at last report. Held at Dwarka Sector 17 police station; on dharna there (Derek O'Brien, ~4:21 PM). Reporter post: Deccan Herald's Shemin Joy on X, not yet in a published article.

None reported

Journalists: Ayush Tiwari & Shoaib Daniyal (Scroll); Ashwine Kumar Singh, Astha Savyasachi, Anmol Pritam (Newslaundry)

Unknown

Reporters covering the protest

Time 10 Oct, about 11:30 AM–1:07 PM IST

Place Central Delhi (Tiwari near ITO)

Unknown

Newslaundry says police told them 'Koi media nahin hai' and took their work phones

Group of Supreme Court lawyers (incl. senior & women advocates)

Released

Advocates marching from the Supreme Court to Jantar Mantar

Time 10 Oct, about 11 AM IST

Place Near Bhagwan Das Road, by the Supreme Court

RELEASED about 2:30 PM IST after SCBA, SCAORA and the SG asked the CJI to step in

None reported; SCBA alleges excessive force

Deepak Baliyan

Released

CJP national spokesperson

Time Thu 8 Oct

Place His home in Alwar district, Rajasthan. CJP alleges Rajasthan Police assaulted him

RELEASED the same night (per CJP)

None reported

Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra & INDIA bloc MPs

Released

Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha), Congress MP, and others

Time Tue 6 Oct (Akashvani Bhawan, about 250 detained) and Wed 7 Oct (near Shangri-La hotel, Janpath, about 90 detained)

Place Taken to New Police Lines, Kingsway Camp (6 Oct) and Barakhamba Road police station (7 Oct)

RELEASED: about 10 PM on 6 Oct; about 8:30 PM on 7 Oct (TOI)

Police said no prior permission

Arvind Kejriwal, Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj, Durgesh Pathak

Very importantDetained

AAP national convener and ex-Delhi CM; with Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Singh and AAP leaders Saurabh Bharadwaj and Durgesh Pathak, detained along with him

Time 10 Oct; first reported by about 2:55 PM IST (TOI article published 09:25 UTC); ThePrint logged it at 3:25 PM. Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj and Durgesh Pathak reported detained with him at 4:18 PM IST (Tribune); exact time of their detention not given

Place Outside his residence while trying to march to Jantar Mantar (TOI); Business Today says outside Lodhi Estate. The three AAP leaders: Delhi (place not specified beyond that)

Held at last report

None reported. He was trying to march to Jantar Mantar.

Gopal Rai

Detained

AAP leader

Time 10 Oct (time not reported)

Place Delhi; detained by Delhi Police while protesting (Business Today)

Held at last report

None reported

Manish Sisodia, Baltej Punia, Sonia Mann

Very importantDetained

AAP: ex-Delhi deputy CM, with Baltej Punia and Sonia Mann. Punjab FM Harpal Singh Cheema also took part.

Time 10 Oct, early afternoon (reported by about 1:42 PM IST; Tribune updated 2:37 PM)

Place AAP protest near the Punjab Chief Electoral Officer's office, Chandigarh

Held at last report

None reported

Notable people who joined / backed it

  • Ajinkya Shinde — CJP organisation in-charge; now leading the protest while the top leaders are held
  • Dhruv Rathee — YouTuber; called people to Jantar Mantar and joined the 8 Oct Bengaluru protest
  • Rahul Gandhi, Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, Mallikarjun Kharge, KC Venugopal — Congress / INDIA bloc street protests, 6–9 Oct
  • Derek O'Brien, Mamata Banerjee, Saket Gokhale — TMC
  • Pinarayi Vijayan, John Brittas, M.A. Baby, Brinda Karat — CPI(M)
  • Arvind Kejriwal, Gopal Rai, Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj, Durgesh Pathak — AAP; Kejriwal called it 'worse than the Emergency'. Sanjay Singh, Saurabh Bharadwaj and Durgesh Pathak were detained with Kejriwal.
  • Tushar Gandhi — Organised a Mumbai solidarity protest
  • Yogendra Yadav; Neha Bora (AISA) — Led the Dilli Haat march
  • Kanimozhi (DMK); Anish Gawande (NCP-SP) — Public statements of support
  • Sonam Wangchuk — Sent good wishes and urged peace; not attending
  • Manish Sisodia, Harpal Singh Cheema — AAP; led the Chandigarh solidarity protest. Sisodia was detained there.
  • Prashant Bhushan — Senior advocate; detained en route near INA Market with Neha Bora and Yogendra Yadav
  • Dipankar Bhattacharya — CPI(ML) Liberation general secretary; detained en route near INA Market
  • Radhika Ganesh — Activist; detained in Chennai near Elliott's Beach
  • INDIA bloc (Mamata Banerjee, Abhishek Banerjee) — Planned march to the Supreme Court on Monday 12 Oct, per a Deccan Herald reporter's X post (not yet in a published article)

Court updates

9 Oct · Supreme Court (CJI Surya Kant, Justices Joymalya Bagchi and V. Mohana)

Called the transport notifications 'overreaching' and ruled out complete prohibition of metro and trains ('don't use a hammer to kill a fly'). The SG agreed authorities would reassess. Compliance reports due in 4 days. The court also said that protesting without permission can lead to prosecution. scobserver.in

9 Oct · Delhi High Court

Refused an urgent hearing on the Youth Congress plea for permission to protest at Jantar Mantar. Listed for Mon 12 Oct. barandbench.com

10 Oct · Supreme Court

Contempt petition filed by advocate Shailendra Mani Tripathi over the metro closures. Not yet heard. tribuneindia.com

10 Oct · CJI (administrative)

After SCBA, SCAORA and the SG flagged the detentions, CJI Surya Kant spoke to authorities and the detained lawyers were released. livelaw.in

10 Oct · Saket District Court

Ratna Singh's urgent application under BNSS 175(3)/174, before CMM Abhinav Pandey, seeks an FIR and a status report on her 'wrongful confinement'. LiveLaw reports that at about 3:20 PM court staff said the judge was dictating an order in a different case and would take about half an hour more to sit. No order on her plea was reported as of 4:37 PM IST. x.com

Alleged govt failures & rules broken (these are allegations, not findings)

Government / police position

  • Permission denied: the application came less than 10 days ahead, and conditions were allegedly breached at the July agitation. Public safety, traffic and law and order cited hindustantimes.com
  • BNSS Sec 163 (prohibitory) orders in central Delhi; also in Noida 10–20 Oct theprint.in
  • Police say the curbs are 'temporary and precautionary' and for the safety of protesters and others geo.tv
  • BJP president Nitin Nabin accuses CJP and the INDIA bloc of trying to 'destabilise' the country. The EC and BJP deny wrongdoing in SIR tribuneindia.com
  • Chennai police: protesters 'had not obtained permission' ndtv.com
  • Delhi Police (via ANI): Dipke was detained because the protest call 'was not permitted'; police say they told him of his grandmother's death with due sensitivity and offered possible help to travel home x.com
  • BJP MP Ravi Shankar Prasad: 'CJP is doing shadow boxing for the Aam Aadmi Party'; calls the opposition 'defeated, desperate individuals ... weaponizing street protests'; says SIR is a legal provision conducted 'more than nine times' x.com
  • Tribune live blog (updated 4:27 PM): about 35,000 Delhi Police and paramilitary personnel deployed; police using drones to monitor movement tribuneindia.com
  • Article 22(1): anyone arrested has the right to be told the grounds and to consult a lawyer. Article 22(2): they must be produced before a magistrate within 24 hours.
  • D.K. Basu guidelines (SC, 1997): arrest memo, informing a relative, and the place of custody must be disclosed.
  • BNSS Sec 163: prohibitory orders (formerly CrPC 144). BNSS Sec 172: police may detain people who resist lawful directions.
  • Note: these are general legal standards shown for reference. Whether they were broken in any specific case has not been decided by a court.

Caveats

Sources

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